HISTORY OF TURKEY.

Turkey has a long and rich history that dates back to ancient civilizations.

The earliest known inhabitants of the region now known as Turkey were the Hittites, who established an empire in the region in the 2nd millennium BCE. The Hittites were succeeded by the Phrygians and the Lydians, and the region was later conquered by the Persians, the Greeks, and the Romans.

After the fall of the Roman Empire, the region came under the control of the Byzantine Empire. In the 11th century, the Seljuk Turks, a Turkic people, arrived in the region and established a kingdom. The Seljuk Turks were followed by the Ottoman Turks, who established a powerful empire that lasted until the 20th century.

During the Ottoman period, Turkey was a major power in Europe and the Middle East. The Ottoman Empire was known for its cultural achievements and its contributions to art, architecture, and literature.

In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, Turkey underwent a series of major political and social changes. The Ottoman Empire was dissolved and replaced by the Republic of Turkey in 1923, and the country underwent a process of modernization and secularization under the leadership of Mustafa Kemal Atatürk.

Since the establishment of the Republic of Turkey, the country has played an important role in regional and international affairs. It is a member of the United Nations and the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) and has strong economic and cultural ties with many countries around the world.

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